Non-Food Crops
Rubber:
1.
It is an equatorial crop, but
under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas
2.
Moist and humid climate with
rainfall of more than 200 cm. and temperature above 25°C.
3.
Mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicabar islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya
4.
India ranks fifth among the world’s natural rubber producers
Fibre Crops
1.
Cotton, jute, hemp and natural
silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India
2.
Obtained from cocoons of the
silkworms fed on green leaves specially mulberry
3.
Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture
a.
Cotton:
4.
India is believed to be the
original home of the cotton plant
5.
Cotton is one of the main raw
materials for cotton textile industry
6.
India is the third-largest
producer of cotton in the world
7.
Grows well in drier parts of
the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. It requires high temperature,
light rainfall
8.
Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8
months to mature
9.
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya
Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar
Pradesh
Jute
1.
Golden fibre.
2.
Grows well on well-drained
fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed every year.
3.
High temperature is required
during the time of growth
4.
West Bengal, Bihar, Assam,
Orissa and Meghalaya are the major jute producing states
5.
It is used in making gunny
bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts.
6.
Due to its high cost
7.
It is losing market to
synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon
Technological and
Institutional Reforms
1.
The Green Revolution based on
the use of package technology
2.
White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian
agriculture.
3.
In the 1980s and 1990s, a
comprehensive land development programme was initiated,
4.
Included both institutional and
technical reforms
5.
Provision for crop insurance
against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen
banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the
farmers at lower rates of interest
6.
Kissan Credit Card (KCC)
7.
Personal Accident Insurance
Scheme (PAIS)
8.
Special weather bulletins
Agricultural
1.
Vinobha Bhave undertook
padyatrato spread Gandhiji’s message covered almost the entire country
2.
Land to be distributed among
80 land-less villagers. This act was known as ‘Bhoodan’.
3.
Villages offered to distribute some villages among the landless. It was known as Gramdan.
4.
This Bhoodan-Gramdan movement
initiated by Vinobha Bhave is also known as the Blood-less Revolution.
Contribution of
agriculture to the national economy, employment and output
1.
Registered a declining trend
from 1951 onwards
2.
Its share in providing
employment and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 per
cent in 2001
3.
Government of India made
concerted efforts to modernise agriculture
4.
Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR)
5.
Agricultural universities,
veterinary services and animal breeding centres
6.
Horticulture development
7.
research and development in the
field of meteorology and weather forecast
FOODSECURITY
1.
National food security system
2.
Consists of two components
3.
(a) buffer stock
4.
(b) Public distribution system
(PDS).
5.
Food Corporation of India (FCI)
is responsible for procuring and stocking food grains
6.
Distribution is ensured by
public distribution system (PDS)
7.
The FCI procures food grains
from the farmers at the government announced minimum support price (MSP)
8.
Provide subsidies on
agriculture inputs such as fertilizers, power and water
9.
Excessive and imprudent use of
fertilizers and water has led to waterlogging, salinity and depletion of
essential micronutrients in the soil
10.
The high MSP, subsidies in
input and committed FCI purchases have distorted the cropping pattern
11.
Wheat and paddy crops are being
grown more for the MSP they get
12.
Punjab and Haryana are foremost
examples
13.
Serious imbalance in inter-crop
parities.
14.
Each district and block can be
made self-sufficient in food grain production if government provides proper
agricultural infrastructure
15.
Credit linkages and also
encourages the use of latest techniques.
16.
Food crop with a better growth
potential in that particular area must be encouraged.
17.
Creation of necessary
infrastructure like irrigation facilities, availability of electricity
18.
There has been a gradual shift
from cultivation of food crops to cultivation of fruits, vegetables, oil-seeds
and industrial crops
19.
Led to the reduction in net
sown area under cereals and pulses
Impact of Globalisation on
Agriculture
1.
Despite being an important
producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices our agricultural
products are not able to compete with the developed countries
2.
Because of the highly
subsidised agriculture in those countries
3.
Proper thrust should be given
to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers
4.
It has caused land degradation
due to overuse of chemicals, drying aquifers and vanishing biodiversity
5.
The keyword today is “gene
revolution”. This includes genetic engineering.
6.
Genetic engineering is
recognised as a powerful supplement in inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds
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